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Roulette

Roulette is the most popular table game in the world. At first glance, a roulette table layout may appear complicated, yet in reality, it's a very easy game to play and understand.

A roulette table is divided into 38 slots in which the ball may land. The slots are numbered from 1 to 36 alternately colored red & black. 0 and 00 are colored green. You can bet on any single number, play a combination of numbers, as well as play red or black, odd or even, and columns of numbers.

To begin playing click on the amount you wish to bet per bet type, then move the cursor to the number or combination of numbers you wish to play. To play trio or 6 numbers bet, put the chip or chips on the line of the right hand side of the table. For the 4 number bet place chip or chips on the two lines intersecting the four numbers. For the two number bet place the chip or chips on the line between the two numbers you wish to play. The remainder of bets is self explanatory by the layout of the table.

BET TYPE	NUMBERS PLAYED (examples in parenthesis)	PAYOFF ODDS
A. Single Number	Any single number (9)	35 to 1
B. Split Bet	2 Numbers (18 or 21)	17 to 1
C. Trio Bet	2 Numbers (16,17,18)	11 to 1
D. 4 Number Bet	4 Numbers (25,26,28 & 29)	8 to 1
E. 6 Number Bet	6 Numbers (1,2,3,4,5 or 6)	5 to 1
F. Column Bet	12 Numbers (Numbers 1 thru 12 inclusive)	2 to 1
G. Dozen Bet	12 Numbers (1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34)	2 to 1
H. Red or Black	All Red Numbers or All Black Numbers	1 to 1
I. High or Low	18 Numbers (either 1-18 or 19-36)	1 to 1
J. Even or Odd	All Even Numbers or All Odd Numbers	1 to 1

History of Roulette

The first form of roulette was devised in 17th century France, by the mathematician Blaise pascal, who was supposedly inspired by his fascination with perpetual motion devices. In 1842, fellow Frenchmen François and Louis Blanc added the "0" to the roulette wheel in order to increase house odds. In the early 1800s, roulette was brought into the U.S. where, to further increase house odds, a second zero, "00", was introduced. (In some forms of early American roulette the double-zero was replaced by an American Eagle.) In the 1800s, roulette spread all over both Europe and the U.S., becoming one of the most famous and most popular casino games. Some call roulette the "King of Casino Games", probably because it was associated with the glamour of the casinos in Monte Carlo. (François Blanc actually established the first casinos there).

A legend tells about François Blanc, who supposedly bargained with the devil to obtain the secrets of roulette. The legend is based on the fact that if you add up all the numbers on the roulette wheel (from 1 to 36), the resulting total is "666", which is the "Number of the Beast" and represents the devil.

Types of Roulette

There are two types of roulette, American and European. The difference between the two is the number of 0's on the wheel. American roulette wheels have two "0's", zero and double-zero, which increase the house advantage to 5.3%. In European roulette there is only one zero, giving the house an advantage of 2.7%. This means that, in the long run, one loses money nearly twice as fast playing American roulette than European roulette.

The two versions also use chips differently. American roulette uses so-called "non-value" chips, meaning that all chips belonging to the same player are of the same value determined at the time of the purchase, and the player cashes in the chips at the roulette table. European roulette uses standard casino chips of differing values as bets, which can make the game more confusing for both the croupier and the players.

A traditional European roulette table is much larger than an American roulette table, and the croupier uses a long tool called a rake to clear out the chips and to distribute winnings. In American roulette the croupier collects and distributes chips by hand.

There is actually a third type of roulette wheel in use. It is a hybrid of the two versions described above, and is the only kind of wheel that is legal in the United Kingdom. This wheel has an American (English language) layout and a single zero. When a single-zero wheel is used in the United States, it is almost always this type.

Board depiction (American Roulette)

		0	«	00
1- 18	1st 12	1	2	3	«
		4	5	6	«
odd		7	8	9	«
		10	11	12	«
red	2nd 12	13	14	15	«
		16	17	18	«
blk		19	20	21	«
		22	23	24	«
even	3rd 12	25	26	27	«
		28	29	30	«
19- 36		31	32	33	«
		34	35	36	«
		«	«	«

Description of bets

• • Straight: a single number. The chip is placed entirely on this square and no other.
• • Split: a bet on two adjoining numbers, either on the vertical or horizontal (as in 14-17 or 8-9). The chip is placed on the edge between these numbers.
• • Street: a bet on three numbers on a single horizontal line. The chip is placed on the edge of the number at the left or the right, depending on the layout.
• • Corner (or square): a bet on four numbers in a square layout (as in 11-12-14-15). The chip is placed at the horizontal and vertical intersection of these numbers.
• • Sixline (or 'sixaine'): a bet on two adjoining streets, with the chip placed at the corresponding intersection (as in 25-30).
• • Column: a bet on all 12 numbers on any of the three vertical lines (such as 1-4-7-10 on down to 34). The chip is placed on the space below the final number in this string.

House Edge

The house average or house edge (also called the expected value) is the amount the player loses relative to a bet, on average. If a player bets on a single number in the American game there is a probability of 1/38 that the player receives 36 times the bet (35 times the bet plus the return of the bet itself), so the player ends up, on average, losing 5.26% on each bet:
( (probability * payout) / bet ) - 1 = expected value as fraction of bet
For example, betting $10 on a single number on an American wheel:
( ((1/38) * 360) / 10 ) - 1 = -0.0526
For European roulette: ( ((1/37) * 360) / 10 ) - 1 = -0.02703
The house has the same edge on all of the other kinds of bets, except for the five number bet where the house edge is considerably higher (7.89% on an American wheel).
The house edge should not be confused with the hold. The hold is the total amount that the house wins from a player. While the house might have an edge of 5.26%, if a player keeps playing until his or her bankroll is exhausted, the house will enjoy a hold of 100%.

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